Ring ShakeThis is caused by the disruption of two inner year rings.  Immediately around the heart it is not considered a defect.  Ring shake can badly influences the yield, therefore the ring shake needs to be cut. Not allowed Death Knots A death knot of more than 20 cm needs to be punished in the length at 20 cm.  If the death knot is larger than 20 cm, 20 cm still suffices as only one 1/4 of the trunk's yield is affected by the death knot.  Allowed w. 20 cm reduction in length Dry woodDry wood is allowed provided if not more than 5% of the nr. of logs and provided there is a compensation for dry wood in the diameter.  30 cm logs = 3 cm. compensation, 40 cm logs = 4 cm compensation.   In addition the log needs to be then invoiced to correct class (3 or 4)  Allowed w. deduction in diameter  Rotten woodIs caused when hardwood is attacked by fungus, or through contact with the ground or caused by increased humidity.  Not allowedRotten sapwoodIs caused when sapwood is attacked by fungus, insects or through contact with the ground or caused by increased humidity.  Compensation for lost sapwood in the diameter.  30 cm logs = 3 cm… and so on.  Invoicing pro right class. Allowed w. deduction in diameterRed woodIt is due to the duramenisation resulting in a loss of flexibility.  Not allowedWinter injuryCracks caused by the frost in the wood.  Single crack allowed; cross crack not allowed.Insect attackAttack caused by insects. In principle not allowed unless for shipments between June and September.  Not allowed unless for logs shipped in the summerDrying cracksCracks caused by the drying of the wood.  AllowedWood peckerIs a nest made by a wood pecker.  Allowed with deduction in length if 3 meter of wood is available above.Cracks:  Quadranure Small internal cracks that run from center.  AllowedForksThis is where the main trunk splits in two main branches. Allowed in the free trim Trimming woundsDefects caused by trimming the wood and remove branches.  These are typically sound knots without any limitations. Allowed DiscolorationIt is a bluish discoloration caused by fungi without destroying the cells. Allowed  Inner barkThis is bark inside the log.  Allowed BulletsIn some areas in the WOII there has been heavy gun fights in the forest.  We are trying to avoid this areas however one can never be sure.  visible impact not allowed;
Invisible impact is allowed;Cow's tail They are formed by outgrowths of the trunk with fiber entanglement. Allowed