Water softening process is a typical ion exchange
method. Ion exchange is accomplished by passing
water having suitable velocity through the resin bed
and Na inside the resin will be exchanged
with Ca 2 and Mg2 in the inlet water that cause
hardness. After certain amount of time or quantity
of water passed through resin media, resin particles
are completely covered with hardness minerals.
At this time a regeneration step is required to
continue softening process. In regeneration step,
brine solution will be given over the resin, calcium
(Ca2 ) and Magnesium (Mg2 ) ions leave the
resin and sodium (Na ) ions again combine to resin
due to affinity and the resin will be ready for the
next service.